Διάφορα παλαιά υπερωκεάνια και Μεσογειακά [Various old ocean and Med liners]

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ILE DE FRANCE

ILE DE FRANCE1.jpg

ILE DE FRANCE2.jpg

Πηγές :
www.frenchlines.com/ship_en_218.php
www.simplonpc.co.uk/CGT_Ile_De_France_1927.html
www.newyorksocialdiary.com/node/192455/print

[Ellinis]

Tα περισσοτερα πλοια της Blue Funnel Line, αρχαιοελληνικα ονοματα ειχαν!!

Το πιο πετυχημένο όνομα ήταν το CHARON

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Lusitania.jpg

lusitania_7_may_1915.jpg

Lusitania_1907A.jpg

14_lusitania.jpg

Lusitania_1907.jpg

Το SS Lusitania 1907-1915
Πηγές :
www.flatrock.org.nz/topics/history/plan_for_q...
www.west-dunbarton.gov.uk/onlinestories/theCl...
www.bukisa.com/articles/27735_10-worlds-most-...
www.quizilla.com/polls/8792773/which-is-the-m...
www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php...

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Το CAP ARCONA
Πηγή www.timetableimages.com/maritime/images/ha.htm




Πηγή :www.garemaritime.com/features/cap-arcona/

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BISMARK - MAJESTIC II - CALEDONIA 1914-1940

www.geocities.com/great_liners/majestic.html


www.atlanticliners.com/bismarck_home.htm




www.ayrshirescotland.com/.../021bismarck.html

NAME
SS. BISMARCK (MAJESTIC II) (CALEDONIA)

CLASS: LINER

LAUNCHED JUNE 20th1914

BUILT BLOHM & VOSS / HAMBURG / GERMANY

WEIGHT 56,551 TONS

LENGTH 956 FEET

WIDTH 100 FEET

SPEED 23 KNOTS

PROPELLERS 4

ENGINES 4 - DIRECT ACTING STEAM TURBINES - 100,000 HP

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Το liner FRANCE 1912-1935

www.frenchlines.com/ship_en_177.php

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DEUTSCHLAND 1900-1925

www.thegreatoceanliners.com/deutschland.html
Deutschland/Victoria Luise/Hansa
1900 - 1925

n order to snatch the Blue Riband of the Atlantic from BritainΆs Campania and Lucania, the German shipping line Norddeutscher Lloyd, based at Bremen, commissioned the 14,000-ton Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse in 1897. As that ship was able to maintain an Atlantic crossing time of above 22 knots, the Blue Riband was in GermanyΆs hands before the yearΆs end. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse was the largest ship afloat, HAPAG's speed champion Deutschland.and her luxurious interiors attracted passengers from all over Europe. Her four funnels indicated safety and comfort for the average emigrant.
However, the Norddeutscher Lloyd was not the only German shipping line. The Hamburg-based Hamburg-Amerika Linie watched enviously as their archrivalΆs Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse took all the glory. Just as the rivalry between BritainΆs Cunard Line and White Star Line, the German rivalry required a response from the other part. The Hamburg-Amerika Linie was not late in realising that to maintain their reputation they had to commission a ship to rival - and even outmatch - the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse.
Ordered in the late 19th century, the new ship entered service on July 4, 1900. Hamburg-Amerika Linie had christened the new liner Deutschland. At over 16,000 tons she was the largest vessel ever constructed after White Star's 17,000-tonner Oceanic, not counting Isambard BrunelΆs giant Great Eastern from 1860. The Deutschland had followed the Kaiser Wilhelm der GrosseΆs trend and sported four funnels divided in pairs. Her quadruple expansion engines connected to the two screws made the ship possible to average 23 knots over the Atlantic. The Deutschland immediately took the Blue Riband in possession at her arrival on the scene. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse proved too powerless to regain the prize, and there seemed to be no ship to threaten the Deutschland.
In the time of the century shift, the ocean liners were becoming ΅super linersΆ. This showed not only in size, but also in interior fitting. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse featured such elegance and luxury that its like had never been seen on the high seas. The Deutschland had followed - and bettered - this. The Hamburg-Amerika Linie ship could explain her fittings with one word: Vast. Even The popular First Class Café on board the Deutschland.the vesselΆs café had a squared glass dome in the high ceiling. This room became very popular among the passengers, but also the shipΆs grillroom proved a success.
Even though a luxury liner, the Deutschland faced a common problem on board speed champions - vibrations. The rate of vibration at 23 knots was very disturbing among the passengers, and this resulted in a lower number of booked tickets. The Deutschland had the Blue Riband in her possession, but otherwise she had become a financial disaster.
In 1902, the Deutschland lost the Blue Riband to the newly commissioned Norddeutscher Lloyd liner Kronprinz Wilhelm. However, the Deutschland regained it the following year and kept it until the arrival of the British Cunard LineΆs 31,000-tonners Lusitania and Mauretania in 1907. By then the Hamburg-Amerika LinieΆs management had decided on aiming on size, stability and luxury only, not speed. That factor was left to the Norddeutscher Lloyd. By this the Deutschland was doomed. The truth was now that she was neither the largest nor the fastest any longer, and she had terrible vibration problems. This resulted in a complete refit in the years 1910-11. Her engines were replaced by far less powerful ones, to reduce the problem of vibration. The new task for the Deutschland was to cruise the West Indies, the Mediterranean and Scandinavia. The large ship emerged in 1911 as the luxury cruise ship Victoria Luise, with accommodation for 487 first-class guests. Her hull was painted in white, and she would receive the reputation of the finest cruise ship in the world.
The Victoria Luise remained in Germany during the hostilities between 1914-18. Due to engine problems she was not used as a troop-ship. When the war was lost in 1918, all of the major German liners were handed over to the victorious Allies, all but the former Deutschland. She was not of interest because of her operational problems. The impressive German fleet that had consisted of liners such as Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, Amerika, Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, Imperator, Vaterland and In 1921, the Deutschland emerged as the two-funnelled emigrant ship Hansa.the newly launched Bismarck were either sunk or handed over. The Victoria Luise was all that remained. Germany had to start all over from scratch and rebuild their fleets. The next German ships of distinction were the two sisters Bremen and Europa who appeared in the shift 1920-30. Because of yet another German-made war, these two liners were also lost; the Bremen destroyed by fire during that war, and the Europa handed over to France, renamed Liberté.
The Victoria Luise survived a bit in the twenties, but in 1921 she was refitted with two funnels and renamed Hansa. The Hansa was designed for the emigrant route, but as America had restricted its immigration-laws after the war, the ex-Deutschland was never fully satisfactory in her new role. In 1925, it was evident that the ship was old, and since no fit use could be given her she was sent to the scrappers in Hamburg that year.

The Deutschland/Victoria Luise/Hansa - Specifications:Length:684 feet (209 m)Beam:67 feet (20.5 m)Tonnage:16,502 gross tonsEngines:Quadruple expansion engines powering two propellers.Service speed:22 knotsPassengers:2,050 people

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Liner EUROPA/LIBERTE
www.frenchlines.com/ship_en_289.php

liner LIBERTé

Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, 1950 - 1962




liner Liberté
Design features

Liberté (steel liner) 1950 - 1962
hull material : ...................steel
previous name(s) of ship : ........europa
detailed type : ...................steel liner
type of propulsion : ..............4 propellers
building year of ship : ...........1928
name of shipyard : ................Blohm & Voss
place of construction : ...........Hambourg
year of entering the fleet : ......1950
length (in meters) : ..............270,70
width (in meters) : ...............31
gross tonnage (in tons) : .........51839
deadweight (in tons) : ............10420
type of engine : ..................4 single reduction triple expansion turbines sets
engine power (in HP) : ............105000
nominal speed (in Knots) : ........24,5



History



Ex-EUROPA built on behalf of the German company Noorddeutscher Lloyd. Sister-ship of the famous liner BREMEN, into service in 1929. Put into service on the shipping line Bremerhaven-New York in March 1930. Her delivery, foreseen in 1929, has been delayed for 10 months : in March 1929, as a matter of fact, she was the victim of a serious fire and scuttled when alongside her fitting out pier. She was deemed to be lost but will be rescued. Since her first trip between Bremerhaven and New York, EUROPA obtained the famous Blue Ribbon at the mean speed of 27,91 knots. This record will be improved, always in the east-west direction, in July 1933 before giving it up in August of the same year to the italian liner REX. Her sister-ship BREMEN will remain the record-holder in the east-west direction from july 1929 until August 1933. In 1933, her funnels are 5-meter heightened to improve the spreading of the smokes. In january 1937 in the North Sea, the liner rescued 3 crew members of the German tanker OLIFER. She leaves New York for the last time under the German flag on the 23th August 1939. During the war, is used as floating barracks in Bremerhaven. In the England invasion plans roughed out in 1940, she was deemed to act as a troop carrier. In 1942, she was subjected to a conversion into an aircraft carrier. In May 1945, she is seized by the US Navy. Between September 1945 and March 1946, is used as a troop carrier under the appellation AP177. In June 1946, granted to France as a compensation of the loss of NORMANDIE. Renamed LIBERTÉ, is towed to Le Havre to be reconditionned and quickly put into service on the line of New York. The ship is in a satisfactory condition. But on the 9th December, during an heavy storm she breaks her hawsers and just collides with the wrack of the liner PARIS, burnt down and capsized in April 1939. For the second time in her career, she sinks straightdown and must be refloated. After this crash, a protective wall will be erected in Le Havre in order to protect the repair workshops. It still exists. Refloated in April 1947. Due to the extensive damages, the Company decides to send her to the Penhoët Shipyards to undergo a complete overhaul. The inner accomodations are entirely changed. In October 1949, a fire (one again !) damages a large amount of the accomodations for passengers. The delivery is delayed for several months. Leaves Le Havre for her maidentrip to New York on the 17th August 1950. Joins on the line with DE GRASSE and ILE-DE-FRANCE. During the fifties, she is the greatest French liner and the third in the world after QUEEN ELISABETH and QUEEN MARY from the Cunard Line. In january 1954 her both funnels are modified and heightened. Completes her last trip to New York on the 2nd November 1961. The new liner FRANCE will take over in February 1962. Laid up in Le Havre then sold for scrap in December. Broken up at La Spezia, Italia in 1962.

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WILHELM GUSTLOFF
www.skovheim.org/.../baltic/gustlof/wgustlof.htm

Wilhelm Gustlof forsvant i dypet i Østersjøen den 30. Januar 1945 under en reise fra Danzig-Bukta til Stettin etter å ha blitt torpedert av den Sovjetiske ubåten S-13 under kommando av Alexander Marinesko. Ombord på dette tidligere "Kraft Durch Freude" cruiseskipet befant det seg på denne siste reisen 10582 mennesker, deriblant mange sivile flykninger og sårede soldater fra kampene på Østfronten. I denne ulykken er det antatt at så mange som 9343 mennesker omkommer. En mer detaljert historie kan leses lengre ned på denne siden. Vraket av Wilhelm Gustlof er funnet, men er klassifisert som en krigsgrav og er derfor "off-limit" for de fleste dykkere. Se også senkingen av skipene General Von Steuben og Goya...

Wilhelm Gustlof disappeared in the deep in the Baltic sea 30. January 1945 under a journey from the Danzig bay to Stettin after having been torpedoed by the Soviet submarine S-13 under command of Alexander Marinesko. On board this former "Kraft Durch Freude" cruise ship there was on this last journey 10582 people, among them many civilian refugees and wounded soldiers from the fighting on the Eastern front. In this accident it is believed that as many as 9343 people perished A more detailed story can be read further down on this page. The wreck of Wilhelm Gustlof has been found, but is classified as an war grave and is therefore "off-limit" for most divers. Also see the sinking of the ships General Von Steuben and Goya...

Name:
Former names:

Material:

Dimensions:
Wilhelm Gustlof

Steel

Brt \ Nrt:Built:Homeport:Cargo:25484 \ ( D ) 1937( D )

The 25,484 ton German luxury cruise liner was built to carry 1,465 passengers and a crew of 400. The Gustloff and her sister ship Robert Ley were the world's first purpose-built cruise ships. The ship, now converted to a 500 bed hospital ship, set sail from the Bay of Danzig en route to the port of Stettin, overcrowded with 4,658 persons including 918 naval officers and men, 373 German Women Naval Auxiliaries, 162 wounded soldiers of whom 73 were stretcher cases, and 173 crew, all fleeing from the advancing Red Army. Just before midnight, as the ship plowed her way through the icy waters of the Baltic Sea, the ship was hit by three torpedoes from the Russian submarine S-13 (a German designed boat) commanded by Alexander Marinesko. The first torpedo hit the bow of the ship, the second, below the empty swimming pool on E-deck where the Women Auxiliaries were accommodated (most were killed) and the third hit amidships. Indescribable panic reigned as the ship listed and sank in about ninety minutes near the Danish island of Bornholm. Rescue boats picked from the stormy seas 964 survivors, many of whom were landed at Sassnitz on the island of Ruegen and taken on board the Danish hospital ship Prince Olaf which was anchored in the harbour. The exact number of drowned will never be known, as many more refugees were picked up from small boats as the Wilhelm Gustloff headed for the open sea and were never counted. (Latest research puts the number of people on board at 10,582) Many of the 964 persons rescued from the sea, died later, and it is likely that well over 7,000 souls perished.
From one of the many stories of Wilhelm Gustlof on the Internet;
On the bitter cold night of January 30th, 1945, the former KdF Cruise Liner Wilhelm Gustloff, at the time serving as a barracks ship for the Kriegsmarine, left from the Baltic port of Gotenhafen and set sail for the relative safety of the west, away from the advance of Soviet forces that were converging on the region. The Gustloff, designed to carry a maximum of 1,865 people total, was transporting 10,582 refugees, soldiers, sailors, and crew - including scores of sick and injured, as well as women, children and the elderly. All were fleeing from the terrible fate that awaited most of those left in the wake of the Soviet advance, including Germans and non-Germans alike. When the gray light of dawn lifted over the freezing cold waves of the Baltic Sea on January 31st, 1945, it would fail to fall upon the decks of the Gustloff, for that night it had been sunk by the Soviet sub S-13 and disappeared under the dark sea in less than 50 minutes, taking with it 9,343 lives, marking its loss as the most tragic naval loss in all of history. The Wilhelm Gustloff as a KdF ship pre-1939 The Wilhelm Gustloff (25484 BRT) was launched in 1937 as the crown jewel of the Kraft durch Freude or Strength through Joy organization (KdF). The KdF was a subgroup of the Deutsche Arbeitsfront or German Labor Front (DAF). The DAF had been organized in place of unions which had been banned by the NSDAP. The DAF had as its goal the control and direction of the entire German labor force, and the KdF was used as a means towards this end by providing activities such as trips, cruises, concerts, and cultural activities. These events were specifically directed towards the working class and it was through the KdF that the NSDAP hoped to bring to the "common man" the pleasures once reserved only for the rich. By opening the door for the working class to easily and affordably take part in activities once reserved only for the rich, it was hoped that the labor force could be lulled into being more flexible and productive. The launching of the Gustloff in 1937 in Hamburg The Wilhelm Gustloff was named after a man considered by some during the time to be a German martyr. Wilhelm Gustloff had been the leader of the NSDAP in Switzerland and he was assassinated in 1936. His name was chosen for the largest liner of the KdF fleet and in 1937 when it was launched, his widow christened the bow on its maiden voyage. The Gustloff was launched as the flag ship for the entire KdF fleet, of which there were a great number of ships both large and small, many of which would go on to experience similar stories during WWII. The Wilhelm Gustloff in harbor as a KdF ship in 1938 For nearly two years after it was launched the Wilhelm Gustloff sailed on pleasure cruises in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean and North Seas. Then in May of 1939, four months before WWII began, the Gustloff took part in a slightly different role. Along side five other ships, the Robert Ley, the Deutsche, the Stuttgart, the Sierra Cordoba, and the Oceana, (the first four ship of the KdF fleet), the Gustloff took part in transporting back to Germany the Legion Condor from Spain. These men were being brought home after the successful defeat of the Republican forces by Franco's Nationalists. The Gustloff, along with other ships of the transport fleet, arrived in Vigo, Spain on May 24th, 1939 and unloaded large amounts of medical supplies and other materials that were given to the Spanish Social Help organization. On May 26th, 1939 the members of the Legion were loaded on the ships in Vigo harbor, with the Gustloff taking on 1,405 men. On May 30th, 1939 the ships arrived in German waters and were escorted into the Port of Hamburg by a parade of vessels including the yacht Hamburg, Panzerschiffe Admiral Graf Spee and Panzerschiffe Admiral Scheer. Passengers onboard the Gustloff on a cruise in 1938 Passengers onboard in 1938, notice the life boat cranes behind them On September 22nd, 1939, shortly after the Second World War broke out, the Wilhelm Gustloff was offically commissioned into the Kriegsmarine by the German Armed Forces for use as a hospital ship. It was classified as Lazaretschiff D, or Hospital Ship D. Lazaretschiffe in the German Armed Forces served as floating hospitals for the sick and wounded, and as with many other nations during the period, their use was strictly monitored and followed a specific set of international procedures for their employement. Depending on their intended region of use, they were required to be painted entirely white, with the inclusion of a green band running the length of the ship on all sides and various red cross markings on the deck, stacks, and sides. They were also prohibited from carrying any form of offensive of defensive weapons. It was in this role that the Gustloff would first enter WWII. The first employement of the Gustloff as Lazaretschiff D was in Danzig-Neufahrwasser at the end of the Polish Campaign. The first wounded taken on board were 685 soliders from the defeated Polish Army. The Gustloff went on to serve in the Danzig Bay region for the next many weeks, later taking part in relief operations for the thousands of Baltic Germans that were being moved from regions recently brought under the control of the Soviets, back to Germany or to areas controlled by Germans. The Gustloff took part in this operation alongside a number of other former KDF ships such as the Stuttgart, Der Deutsche, Robert ley and the Oceana. From May of 1940 until July of the same year, the Gustloff was on station in Norway in Oslo as a floating hospital for the sick and wounded from the Norwegian Campaign. The Gustloff left Oslo and headed for Stettin on July 2nd, 1940, carrying on board 563 wounded. During the late summer and early fall of 1940, the Gustloff was ordered to prepare for operations during the planned Invasion of England, which eventually were cancelled in late summer 1940. Once more, on October 20th, 1940, the Gustloff sailed again to Oslo and took on 414 wounded for transport back to Swinemünde. Shortly after this trip, the Gustloff was to end its service as a Lazarettschiff when it was directed that it move to Gotenhafen for service as a barracks ship for the U-boot arm of the Kriegsmarine. From September 22nd, 1939 until November 20th, 1940, the Gustloff took on a total of 3,151 wounded and sick, and over the course of four trips, transported 1,961 wounded back to Germany. The Gustloff as Hospital Ship "D" in 1939 As a Wohnschiff (barracks ship) of the Kriegsmarine, under the control of the 1.Unterseeboots-Lehrdivision, and later the 2.Unterseeboots-Lehrdivision, the Gustloff lay at anchor in Gotenhafen, its new resting place, for over four years. Then, in January of 1945, the Gustloff was once more put into service, this time as a part of the largest planned naval evacuation operation in history, the rescue and transport of millions of refugees, soldiers, sick, injured and others fleeing from the advance of the Soviet forces in east. Nearly all of the former KdF liners, along with many other freight and cargo ships, naval auxiliaries, and even combat vessels, took part in this massive rescue operations. Of the largest ships that took part were the liners and passenger ships, which mostly, like the Gustloff, were until then being used as barrack and accommodation ships in either Danzig, Pillau or Gotenhafen. The largest ships were the following: Cap Arcona (27561), Robert Ley (27288), Hamburg (22117), Hansa (21131), Deutschland (21046), Potsdam (17528), Pretoria (16662), Berlin (15286), General Steuben (14660), Monte Rosa (13882), Antonio Delfino (13589), Winrich von Kniprode (10123), Ubena (9554), and the Goya. At the end of the War, the operation proved to be a huge success, in light of the crushing and total defeat of Germany, in so far that over 2,000,000 people were rescued from areas of the Soviet advance. Had these 2,000,000 refugees not been rescued, as has been well documented elsewhere (As in the volumes "Documents on the Expulsion of the Germans from Eastern-Central-Europe), the plight of many of the refugees was likely to have been grim. Out of the total number rescued, about 25,000 to 30,000 lives were lost, the majority with the sinking of the Gustloff and the Goya with a combined total of over 15,000 deaths. Considering the number of people transported and the conditions and time of the transport (January - May, 1945), the number of lives lost versus the number rescued remains to this day a stark reminder of the size, scope and determination of the massive German sea rescue. Rare color photo of the Gustloff at anchor in Gotenhafen When the Gustloff left the relative protection of the harbor at Gotenhafen on January 30th, 1945, the weather was very poor; wind strength of 7, it was snowing, the temperature was 10 degrees below zero, and ice flows were in the water. Any chance of survival once in the water in weather like this was next to impossible. Under its own power, the Wilhelm Gustloff began to punch its way through the choppy, blustery Baltic Sea, un-escorted against the threat of submarine attacks, with its only protection being the few anti-aircraft guns it had onboard to protect against air attack. Against the deadly submarine, the Gustloff was naked. According to the ships own records, the list of passengers on the 30th included 918 Naval officers and men, 173 crew, 373 members of the Woman's Naval Auxiliary units, 162 wounded, and 4,424 refugees, for an official total of 6,050 people. This is according to the official list though, and doesn't take into account the many hundreds of other people that one way or another, were able to make their way onto the seemingly safe decks of the Gustloff. In fact, new research has now shown that the total number of people on the Gustloff at the time it was sunk was actually 10,582! Newly published research by Heinz Schon has set the number of people on the Gustloff as follows: 8,956 refugees, 918 officers NCOs and men of the 2.Unterseeboot-Lehrdivision, 373 female naval auxiliary helpers, 173 naval armed forces auxiliaries, and 162 heavily wounded soldiers, for a total of 10,582 people on board on January 30th. Then, at 2108 01.30.45, (9:08pm, January 30th, 1945 Gotenhafen time; 7:08pm Moscow time; 2:08pm Milwaukee, WI, USA time), the Soviet sub S-13, commanded by Alexander Marinesko, hit the Gustloff with a spread of three torpedoes. The Gustlof immediately leaned to starboard, righted itself, and then leaned to again. She then launched rescue flares and broadcast an SOS. According to an eye-witness account of Oberbootsmannsmatt Karl Hoffman, the first torpedo struck the Gustloff at the bow, directly below the helm deep below the waterline. The second torpedo exploded under the area of the ship that was the swimming pool, and the third torpedo hit amidship in the forward part of the engine room, ripping the ship hull and shattering the machinery. Soon, the forecastle was nearly underwater, with the stern beginning to rise above the waterline. In under 50 minutes time, the Gustloff was gone, taken beneath the icy black waters of the Baltic, and with her, 9,343 men, women and children. Amazingly, 1,239 people were saved by the heroic and selfless work of a number of German ships in the area. Torpedoboot T-36 rescued 564 people, Torpedoboot Löwe 472 people, Minensuchboot M387 98 people, Minensuchboot M375 43 people, Minensuchboot M341 37 people, steamer Gottingen saved 28 people, Torpedofangboot TF19 saved 7, freighter Gotland 2 people, and Vorpostenboot 1703 saved one person, a 1 year-old child. The flight from the Eastern regions and the loss of the Gustloff When the Gustloff sank it was an event unlike any in naval history, if for no other reason, because of the sheer scale of the tragedy. Many ships have sunk with horrible loss of life, but never have so many lives been lost with a single ship. Like all naval tragedies, the scene was one of sheer and complete horror. The suffering of those on the Gusltoff was unspeakable, it transcends all time and place, all nationality, and all borders. It was a terrifying loss of human life, and one that few know of today. In 1955, a German film called "Nacht fiel über Gotenhafen" was released that portrayed the final voyage of the Gustloff, a film that is both very accurate and a very touching tribute to those lost at sea. Lastly, of the very few books on the Gustloff, a recently published book by Heinz Schon called "SOS Wilhelm Gustloff - Die größte Schiffekatastrophe der Geschicte" is now considered to be the defenitive work on the sinking and the previous history of the ship. An artists drawing from diver reports of the position of the wreck of the Gusloff today What is now left of the Wilhelm Gustloff is a broken wreck designated officially as a grave site and off limits to most divers. The bow and stern of the ship are well preserved while the mid-section is heavily damaged and crushed in upon itself. We shall always remember those lost with Gustloff. May they rest in peace.

www.stormfront.org/forum/showthread.php?t=517175

[τοξοτης]

www.simplonpc.co.uk/DeGrasse_1_PCs.html
EMPRESS OF AUSTRALIA (πρώην DE GRASSE)
Empress of Australia(Canadian Pacific: 1953-56)